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Affected countries: Lao People’s Democratic Republic (the), Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Viet Nam Glide: TC-2025-000179-VNM The newly formed tropical cyclone BUALOI – named Opong in the Philippines – is moving northwest toward central Philippines. On 25 September at 0.00 UTC, its centre was located 383 km east of Samar Island’s eastern coast, with maximum sustained winds of 102 km/h (tropical storm). BUALOI is expected to continue northwest and may make landfall over southern Luzon Island between 25 and 26 September. It will subsequently cross central and northern Philippines – particularly southern Luzon and Mindoro – from 26 to 27 September, bringing heavy rain and strong winds. After that, it will continue north-west over the South China sea and it could make landfall over north-eastern Viet Nam on 29-30 September. (ECHO, 25 Sep 2025) Tropical cyclone BUALOI (named “Opong” in the Philippines) made landfall over the eastern Samar Island, central Visayas, central Philippines on late in the afternoon (UTC) of 25 September with maximum sustained winds of 102 km/h (tropical storm). On 26 September at 0.00 UTC its centre was located over the western Masbate island, central Visayas, with maximum sustained winds of 111 km/h (tropical storm). The passage of BUALOI over central Philippines caused very heavy rainfall, strong winds, floods and landslides. NDRRMC reports, as of 26 September, 14 fatalities, two missing, 17 injured, more than 50,300 displaced people and a total of approximately 1.21 million affected people. BUALOI is expected to pass over western Visayas on 26 September, slightly strengthening, with maximum sustained winds up to 120 km/h (typhoon). After that, it is forecast to continue north-west over the South China Sea and to make landfall over northern Viet Nam on 28 September with maximum sustained winds up to 148 km/h. (ECHO, 26 Sep 2025) Tropical cyclone BUALOI made its second landfall in central-northern Viet Nam over the area of Ky Anh town (Ha Tinh province) on 28 September around 18.00 UTC, with maximum sustained winds up to 155 km/h (typhoon). On 29 September at 6.00 UTC, its centre was located approximately over the border area between northern Viet Nam and north-eastern Laos, with maximum sustained winds of 93 km/h (tropical storm). BUALOI’s passage over the Philippines, combined with previous tropical cyclones and the ongoing Southwest monsoon, caused very heavy rainfall, floods and landslides, resulting in 27 fatalities, 16 missing, 33 injured, around 190,800 displaced and approximately 3.42 million affected people. In Thailand, seven fatalities, around 100,000 displaced and nearly 270,000 affected people were reported. In Viet Nam, nine fatalities, an uncertain number of displaced people and over 30 isolated villages were reported, mainly due to landslides. BUALOI is expected to continue moving north-west over northern Laos on 29 September, further weakening and dissipating over eastern Myanmar on 30 September. (ECHO, 29 Sep 2025) On 30 September, very early in the morning (UTC), tropical depression BUALOI dissipated over the border area between north-western Laos and eastern Myanmar. Its passage over the Philippines (combined with the previous tropical cyclones and the ongoing Southwest monsoon) caused very heavy rainfall, floods and landslides. The NDRRMC reports, as of 1 October, 37 fatalities, 14 still missing persons and 41 injured people. In addition, around 122,900 currently displaced people (of whom 81,750 are across 1,123 evacuation centres) and approximately 4.12 million affected people were reported. In Laos, the ADINet reports, as of the same date, two fatalities and a total of over 10,100 affected people. In Viet Nam, the same source reports 26 fatalities, 22 still missing people, 105 injured people, and nearly 598,700 affected people. In Thailand, the IFRC reports eight fatalities and more than 293,600 affected people. (ECHO, 1 Oct 2025) As of 1 October, authorities reported 36 deaths, 21 people missing and 147 injured after severe flooding, landslides and wind damage across northern and north- central Viet Nam. Many homes, healthcare facilities and schools have been affected. Around 154,807 homes are damaged or roofless and about 57,915 are flooded. Power and road networks remain disrupted (about 6,406 power poles down; around 1,400 road blockages), with around 1,500 households isolated in Hà Tĩnh. About 51.269 ha of crops and around 13,478 ha of aquaculture are affected, creating short-term food access risks in cut-off communes. (OCHA, 2 Oct 2025) Children and families in northern and north-central Viet Nam face severe hardship after Typhoons Bualoi and Matmo caused widespread destruction to homes, livelihoods, and public infrastructure. The total losses from both typhoons are estimated at nearly VND 33,000 billion (US$1.3 billion). Rapid assessments conducted by government authorities together with the UN and development partners show that over 545,000 houses have been impacted, affecting an estimated 1 million children and their families. (UNICEF, 15 Oct 2025) An estimated 513,500 poor and near-poor households across 12 typhoon-affected provinces in Northern and Central Viet Nam remain among the most vulnerable. […] Over 1.2 million people face disrupted access to safe drinking water and sanitation in all affected provinces, with an estimated 189,000 vulnerable people in the six most affected provinces in urgent need of support to access safe water, sanitation and hygiene materials. Approximately 150 healthcare facilities—including 50 hospitals and 100 commune health stations—sustained significant damage in the six most affected provinces, including their water and sanitation facilities. […] Nearly 12,000 pregnant women and 219,000 children under five require urgent nutrition support. Amongst them, more than 40,000 children under five have already been suffering from pre-existing stunting or acute malnutrition, including nearly 2,000 children suffering from severe acute malnutrition and about 7,500 cases of moderate acute malnutrition (UNICEF, 23 Oct 2025)

Affected country: Haiti Glide: FL-2025-000174-HTI During the night of 16-17 September 2025, heavy rains fell across most communes of the Nord-Ouest department, causing the Trois-Rivières River in Port-de-Paix to overflow suddenly. The floods resulted in extensive inundations across several neighborhoods in Port-de-Paix and Bassin-Bleu. According to the Directorate of Civil Protection, about 823 families were affected. In Port-de-Paix, 550 houses were flooded, 75 severely damaged, and 25 destroyed. Several fishermen went missing in the middle of the eel fishing season. A child sustained a head fracture in Grand Lakou. A decomposing body was also found on the banks of the river at Nan Rozye (Chansolme). (OCHA, 24 Sep 2025) Since late August through September 25, rainfall was above average nationwide, offsetting August deficits and supporting second-season planting. Despite above-average temperatures, soil moisture remains adequate for normal crop development, and irrigation reservoirs are average to above average. Forecasts for the first week of October indicate reduced rainfall totals. Given early crop stages and recent moisture gains, this short-term reduction is not expected to negatively affect development. (FEWS NET, 2 Oct 2025)

Affected country: Nigeria Glide: FL-2025-000187-NGA Between 13 and 14 September 2025, Dikwa Local Government Area (LGA) in Borno State, Nigeria experienced severe flooding triggered by heavy rainfall, which significantly impacted three camps: Alhaji Bashir Camp, Kamcheji Camp, and the Reception Centre. According to IOM Nigeria flash report 169 The flooding displaced 5,829 individuals across 1,058 households, including 3,350 children, 1,364 women, and 1,115 men. A total of 895 shelters were affected, with 849 completely destroyed and 46 partially damaged. (RRM, 30 Sep 2025) Between 21 and 26 September 2025, severe flooding caused by heavy rainfall and river overflows affected five local government areas (LGAs) across Jigawa State, including Guri, Kiri Kasamma, Birniwa, Jahun, and Ringim. The incident led to widespread damage to homes, shelters, and community infrastructure across host communities. (FEWS NET, 01 Oct 2025) Localized flooding, particularly flash floods due to heavy rains, continued to drive population displacement, loss of livelihood assets, destruction of farmlands, and crop loss, exacerbating difficulties accessing food and income and increasing food consumption gaps in some riverine communities across the country. As of September 20, 232 individuals have died and about 121,000 individuals have been displaced by flooding. In Adamawa State, 13 communities in Yola North and Yola South LGAs were flooded and many residents were displaced by flash floods in mid-September. (FEWS NET, 06 Oct 2025)

Affected country: Democratic Republic of the Congo Glide: EP-2025-000157-COD Health authorities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo have declared an outbreak of Ebola virus disease in Kasai Province where 28 suspected cases and 15 deaths, including four health workers, have been reported as of 4 September 2025. The outbreak has affected Bulape and Mweka health zones in Kasai Province where health officials have been carrying out investigations after the cases and the deaths reported presented with symptoms including fever, vomiting, diarrhoea and haemorrhage. Samples tested on 3 September at the country’s National Institute of Biomedical Research in the capital Kinshasa confirmed the cause of the outbreak as Ebola Zaire caused by Ebola virus disease. (WHO, 4 Sep 2025)

Affected country: Sierra Leone Glide: FL-2025-000169-SLE Between 31 August and 5 September 2025, Sierra Leone experienced devastating flash floods across 17 communities in seven districts including Bonthe, Kenema, Bo, Moyamba, Kono, Falaba, and Koinadugu. The floods, caused by persistent heavy rainfall and overflowing riverbanks, have affected over 11,080 people from more than 2,216 households. Over 4,000 people have been displaced, seeking shelter in schools or with host families, while thousands of homes, buildings, and critical infrastructure, including schools and health facilities, have been damaged or destroyed. The floods have also submerged more than 2,500 hectares of farmland, threatening livelihoods and food security. (IFRC, 22 Sep 2025)

Affected country: Afghanistan Glide: EQ-2025-000153-AFG On 31 August 2025 at 23.47 local time, a 6+ magnitude earthquake struck Afghanistan’s Nangarhar Province near the Pakistan border. The epicenter was located in Kama district, some 30 km northeast of the city of Jalalabad. Several aftershocks have occurred since, with the initial quake felt in neighbouring provinces including Kunar, Laghman and Nuristan, as well as Kabul. The quake’s hypocenter was estimated at only 8 to 10 km beneath the surface, exacerbating the quake’s impact. Preliminary reports indicate that at least 800 people have been killed across four provinces – Kunar, Laghman, Nangarhar and Nuristan – with a further estimated 2,000 people injured, many of them residing in deeply remote and mountainous areas with key access routes blocked by rocks and landslides. Initial figures indicate up to 12,000 people are directly affected, with Chawkay and Nurgal districts in Kunar Province and Dara-e-Nur district in Nangarhar Province the most impacted. In addition, Chapa Dara, Dara-e-Pech and Watapur districts in Kunar Province; Alingar, Mehtarlam and Qarghayi districts in Laghman Province; and Jalalabad city, Behsud and Kuz Kunar districts in Nangarhar Province have also sustained loss of life and severe damage. Casualty figures are expected to rise as search and rescue teams reach affected areas. (OCHA, 1 Sep 2025) Search and rescue efforts are ongoing with the de facto authorities (DfA) now reporting just over 1,400 people killed, a further 3,100 injured and up to 5,400 homes destroyed. 25 inter-agency assessment teams reached some of the affected areas late afternoon on 1 September with initial indications that needs are both widespread and severe: assessment teams are endeavouring to verify initially reported figures.(OCHA, 2 Sep 2025) The humanitarian impact of the 6.0 M earthquake that struck north-eastern Afghanistan on 31 August at 19:17 UTC (23:47 local time) continues to grow. The epicentre was located approximately 27 km northeast of Jalalabad City in Nangarhar Province. According to UN OCHA and IOM, as of 3 September, 1,457 people have died, 3,394 have been injured, and 6,782 houses have been destroyed. The most severely affected districts include Nurgal and Chawkay (Kunar Province), Dara-e-Nur (Nangarhar Province), and parts of Laghman Province. Furthermore, approximately 497,000 people are affected, of whom 263,000 are children. Humanitarian partners and de facto authorities are conducting response efforts. Access remains challenging due to the mountainous terrain, blocked roads, landslides, and limited communication infrastructure. (ECHO, 4 Sep 2025) Initial reports from joint field assessments completed in 25 villages across five districts (Chapa Dara, Chawkay, Dara-e-Pech, Nurgal and Watapur) in Kunar Province, two districts (Dara-e-Nur and Kuz Kunar) in Nangarhar Province and one district (Alingar) in Laghman Province indicate that 2,924 families (17,051 people) have been affected with 1,368 people killed (373 women, 299 men, 374 girls and 322 boys), a further 2,180 injured (1,212 females and 968 males) and 2,924 homes destroyed (2,627) and damaged (297) in these areas alone. Numbers are expected to continue to rise as assessment data is received; a further 22 assessment teams were deployed today. Overall, the de facto authorities (DfA) are now reporting 2,205 people killed, a further 3,640 people injured and 6,700 homes destroyed and 84,000 people affected. (OCHA, 4 Sep 2025) A new strong earthquake of 5.6 M at a depth of 10 km occurred in the Kunar province, north-eastern Afghanistan on 4 September at 16:56 UTC (21:26 local time). The epicentre was located very close – approximately 1 km south – to the 6.0 M earthquake that occurred around 27 km north-east of Jalalabad city, Nangarhar province on 31 August at 19:17 UTC. For this new event – part of the seismic sequence which started on 31 August – USGS PAGER estimates that up to 85,000 people were exposed to strong shaking and 411,000 to moderate shaking. Aftershocks continue. (ECHO, 5 Sep 2025) As of 8 September, repeated quakes have further displaced 783 families to Shalt and Zere Baba area of Nurgal district, where women, girls, and children face increased protection risks due to unsafe conditions and limited services. Nurgal and Chawkay districts in Kunar, Dara-e-Nur in Nangarhar province, and parts of Laghman province were hit hardest, further compounded by another strong quake on 4 September. Damaged mountain roads severely limit access, making air transport the only reliable option. A joint IOM, WFP, and OCHA field observations on 6 September 2025 to Nurgal district confirmed widespread destruction, rising community tensions, damaged irrigation systems, and heightened flood risk, underscoring the urgent need for scaled up support. (IOM, 8 Sep 2025) The reported number of people killed and injured has risen further, with 2,164 people confirmed killed, and a further 3,428 injured. Numbers are expected to continue to rise as assessments continue across in four villages. As of 8 September, an estimated 2,620 earthquake-affected families have arrived in three informal settlements that have been formed in Patan (1,000) and Zirai Baba (720) villages in Nurgal District and Khas Kunar District (900). […] On 9 September, the UN launched a USD$139.6 million emergency response plan to assist 457,000 people through the end of the year. (OCHA, 10 Sep 2025) As of 15 September, of the 8,489 families assessed thus far, 7,716 families (90 per cent) are currently sheltering in open space, exposed to the elements and the cold. The damage to water and sanitation infrastructure is extensive with more than 130 water sources reported damaged and destroyed across the 134 assessed villages. Due to the damage to water and sanitation infrastructure, 112 communities are currently practicing open defecation, 104 communities have no hand washing station available and 107 communities report a lack of hygiene-related NFIs such as soap. Considering that cholera is already endemic in the region, a rise in the number of cases already observed pre-quake since mid-July and with severe shortages of essential hygiene and sanitation NFIs recorded in the affected areas, humanitarian partners remain concerned for a wide-spread outbreak of Cholera and other waterborne diseases. Across the affected areas, 90 community-based education (CBE) classes and 24 public schools in

Affected country: Yemen Glide: FL-2025-000151-YEM The International Rescue Committee (IRC) is mounting an urgent response to severe flooding that has swept across southern Yemen. More than 100,000 people have been affected by flash floods, triggered by torrential rains, that have destroyed homes – including camps for already displaced families – and left farmland submerged. Critical infrastructure such as roads, power lines, and water and sanitation facilities have also been severely damaged, cutting off communities from essential services and forcing thousands into secondary displacement. The IRC warns that with more heavy rain expected, the risk of further flooding threatens to displace even more families and cause additional suffering to vulnerable communities already at the epicenter of a devastating hunger crisis. (IRC, 26 Aug 2025) According to the Yemen Red Crescent Society (YRCS) and partner reports, 47,050 households (329,350 individuals) have been affected by the floods. The crisis has resulted in 62 fatalities, 73 injuries, and 4 missing persons. Importantly, 27,332 internally displaced households (191,324 individuals) are included in these figures, showing that IDPs are among the most heavily impacted groups. The flooding has caused extensive damage to homes, critical infrastructure, including bridges, roads, and hospitals, IDP shelters, farmland, and public services. Several districts remain inaccessible due to blocked roads, while displacement is rising in low-lying areas and camp settings. (IFRC, 3 Sep 2025) […] as of 17 September, reports 82 fatalities, 100 injured people, and approximately 386,000 people affected across 125 districts in 19 governorates. Flooding has damaged several infrastructure and croplands, and roads have been submerged isolating people from essential services. (ECHO, 18 Sep 2025) Roads have been damaged or submerged underwater in multiple governorates, cutting off people’s access to essential services and humanitarian assistance. Floods have caused widespread damage to agricultural lands and infrastructure, including terraced farms, irrigation systems and livestock assets. Soil erosion and the collapse of water diversion structures have disrupted water access, while the destruction of crops and farming tools have severely impacted food production. […] Protection risks have increased in cases where landmines and ERW have shifted into residential areas due to the floodwaters. The risk of disease outbreaks is increasing, especially due to damaged WASH facilities and infrastructure, including collapsed sanitation systems, sewage overflow and the presence of stagnant water. 56 health facilities have reportedly been directly or indirectly impacted since 1 August, and schools in multiple governorates have been damaged and forced to close. (OCHA, 17 Sep 2025) […] as of 24 September, reports 62 fatalities, 95 injured people, and approximately 431,033 people affected across 141 districts in 20 governorates. (ECHO, 25 Sep 2025) As of 29 September UN OCHA reports 82 fatalities, 100 injured, nearly 455,500 affected people across 156 districts throughout 20 governorates. Marib governorate is among the worst impacted with Marib Al Wadi district, counting 61,824 affected people, and Marib City district – 43,274 affected people. In Al Hodeidah governorate, 50 610 affected people are reported in Al Khukhah district – already facing a dire humanitarian situation with some of the highest rates of malnutrition in Yemen. (ECHO, 29 Sep 2025)

Affected country: Philippines Glide: EQ-2025-000189-PHL On 10 October 2025, two powerful earthquakes struck off the coast of Manay, Davao Oriental. The first earthquake, with a magnitude of 7.4, occurred at 9:43 a.m., approximately 48 kilometers northeast of the Municipality of Manay, Davao Oriental, at a depth of 23 kilometers. … Less than ten hours later, a second earthquake with a magnitude of 6.8 struck the same offshore area at 7:12 p.m. The epicenter was located 43 kilometers southeast of the Municipality of Manay, Davao Oriental, with an estimated depth of 37 kilometers. Both earthquakes were tectonic in origin and not related to the recent 6.9 magnitude earthquake in Cebu, which was caused by the Bogo Bay Fault. The Davao Oriental earthquakes were generated by the movement of the Philippine Trench. As the second earthquake registered a magnitude greater than 6.4, it can no longer be considered an aftershock of the main event. PHIVOLCS classified these as two separate events, referred to as a “doublet quake”, which occurred close in time and location. (IFRC, 20 Oct 2025)